how many overwrite passes does wise disk cleaner make

This is how Windows provides the capability to rollback. This consists of back versions of your files. The other big concern with Windows is Shadow Volumes. When the small file is deleted, the MFT entry is marked as available but the actual MFT is never deallocated to become free space. Normally the MFT points to where a file resides on the file system, however each MFT entry has enough space to handle small file content directly, so it's written there instead of to a separate disk file block. Instead they are written directly to the Master File Table (MFT). In Windows, small files (up to 1.4KB but typically less than 900 bytes) are not written to their own file block on the HDD. The more significant concern lies in a different place than pointless multiple overwrites. I'm guessing you are probably using Windows as people who aren't generally specify. I can appreciate that but you are putting your concern in the wrong place. Even Peter Gutmann has said that this is no longer useful. This is a holdover from the MFM drives used decades ago. Hersean said, if it's an HDD, as in spinning magnetic rust, multiple overwrites are not an issue.

How many overwrite passes does wise disk cleaner make